![]() ![]() ![]() In the context of cancer and infectious diseases, EVs can be used to sabotage the host defence mechanismģ8 and acquire nutrients from the environmentĤ2. Increasing evidence suggests that secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in intercellular communicationsģ1. The physiological significance of these vesicles is becoming increasingly appreciated in many disease processes, including cancer These vesicles can transfer biologically active effector molecules such as lipids, nucleic acids, metabolites and proteins from one cell to another thereby modifying the properties of the recipient cellsġ8. By contrast, microvesicles are larger, with a diameter of 100–1000nm, and are generated through outward invagination of the plasma membraneġ6. Exosomes are vesicles of endocytic origin with diameter of 30–150 nm released to the extracellular space when the endosomal multivesicular body (MVB) merges with plasma membrane of the cellġ5. One way secreted effectors are released from cells is through extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can be classified into two major types exosomes and microvesiclesġ4. However, results from other studies suggest that endothelial activation and inflammation during malaria parasite infections can be independent of cytoadhesion of IEsĩ, and effectors secreted by the parasite have been suggested to play a more important role Binding of IEs to vascular endothelial cells through endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) has been hypothesized to cause endothelial activation and inflammation, contributing to pathogenesisĦ. The pathogenesis mechanism of severe malaria is not completely understood, but relevant factors include parasite burdenĢ, induction of host inflammatory responsesģ, and obstruction of movement of blood in the microvasculature of important organs such as the brain due to adhesion of parasite infected erythrocytes (IEs) to vascular endothelial cellsĤ. Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains a major public health problem, with 212 million cases of malaria and half a million deaths due to severe malaria reported worldwide in 2015ġ. ![]() PfEVs contents from a range of clinical isolates, and their functional validation may improve our understanding of the virulence mechanisms of the parasite, and potentially identify targets for interventions or diagnostics. falciparum extracellular vesicles contain virulence-associated parasite proteins. Comparison of this novel clinically relevant dataset with previously published datasets helps to define a core secretome present in PfEVs) are enriched in proteins found within the exomembrane compartments of infected erythrocytes such as Maurer’s clefts (MCs), as well as the secretory endomembrane compartments in the apical end of the merozoites, suggesting that these proteins play a role in parasite-host interactions. In vitro culture for a short period and characterized their protein content by mass spectrometry (data are available via ProteomeXchange, with identifier PXD006925). In this study, we isolated EVs from a Kenyan falciparum EVs have been limited to long-term adapted laboratory isolates. Characterizing the content of these vesicles may improve our understanding of falciparum has been shown to produce EVs that can mediate transfer of genetic material between parasites and induce sexual commitment. One of the ways that effector molecules are secreted is through extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes. Background: Many pathogens secrete effector molecules to subvert host immune responses, to acquire nutrients, and/or to prepare host cells for invasion. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |